4th April, 2014
West African countries have mobilised against an epidemic of haemorrhagic fevers including Ebola, which has claimed more than 80 lives in Guinea with more suspected cases in Mali, Liberia and Sierra Leone.
Guinea is the worst affected country with 86 deaths, 45 of them confirmed as Ebola — a highly contagious disease that leads to external and internal bleeding and kills up to 90 per cent of patients in its most virulent strain.
On 3 April, Mali became the latest of Guinea’s neighbours to announce suspected cases of Ebola, saying three victims had been placed in isolation while test samples were sent to the United States Centers for Disease Control.
Oumar Sangare of the national health directorate said that all three patients were Malian citizens who “worked on the border zone between Mali and Guinea”.
With Liberia and Sierra Leone also reporting suspected cases, Doctors Without Borders has described the outbreak as an “unprecedented epidemic” and warned the unusual geographical spread of cases complicates the task of containing it “enormously”.
But the nation worst hit by the latest outbreak is Guinea, where haemorrhagic fever has killed 86 people out of 137 cases registered since January, according to the government’s latest toll.
The World Health Organisation said Friday that it is monitoring “just under 400” cases in the country, and is in contact with all those who may have come in contact with the disease from the forested southeast area of the country.
Other haemorrhagic fevers, including Marburg, have similar symptoms to Ebola, including muscle pain, vomiting and diarrhoea, as well as heavy bleeding and organ failure in severe cases, causing death.
There is no cure and little treatment for Ebola, although the government said two infected patients had recovered.
Experts said isolating victims is the only way to contain the disease, although that is not always straightforward in traditional communities, where social obligations and rituals are important.
Doctors without Borders, which goes by its French acronym MSF, said Friday it had been forced to suspend treatment in Macenta, southeastern Guinea after residents attacked one of its centres.
“Activities have currently been suspended at the treatment centre. Some members of the local community became agitated and then aggressive,” said MSF spokesman Sam Taylor.
“We fully understand that the outbreak of Ebola is alarming for the local population, but it is essential in the fight against the disease that patients remain in the treatment centre.”
Suspect cases have been reported in Liberia and Sierra Leone, almost all due to contamination from neighbouring Guinea. Ebola tests proved positive for two cases in Liberia and negative for those in Sierra Leone.
Liberia has reported 14 cases of haemorrhagic fever, seven of them fatal, and all but one of the victims had contact with Guineans.
But Liberia’s health ministry said one suspected victim from a forest near the eastern town of Tapeta had no Guinean connection.