The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) says gender inequalities in food and agriculture are costing the world over one trillion dollars, noting that levelling the playing field for women working in the sectors can bring growth and help feed millions.
Over one-third of the world’s working women are employed in agrifood systems, which include the production of food and non-food agricultural products, as well as related activities from food storage, transportation and processing to distribution.
But in a new report published on Thursday, FAO says that gender inequalities such as less access for women to knowledge and resources, and a higher unpaid care burden, account for a 24 per cent gap in productivity between women and men farmers on farms of equal size.
Women employees in the agricultural sector are also paid nearly 20 per cent less than their male counterparts.
“If we tackle the gender inequalities endemic in agrifood systems and empower women, the world will take a leap forward in addressing the goals of ending poverty and creating a world free from hunger,” FAO Director-General Qu Dongyu, said in his foreword to the report.
According to FAO, closing the gender gap in farm productivity and the wage gap in agricultural employment would “increase global gross domestic product by nearly $1 trillion and reduce the number of food-insecure people by 45 million”, at a time of growing global hunger.
The report shows that women’s access to land, services, credit and digital technology lags behind men’s, while a higher burden of unpaid care limits their opportunities for education, training and employment.
FAO points out that discriminatory social norms reinforce gender barriers to knowledge, resources and social networks – holding women back from making an equal contribution in the agrifood sector.
“In many countries there still is much to do to ensure that women own land in equal proportion to men and that legal frameworks protect their rights,” the report says.
Its authors described as “alarming”, the slow pace of change in terms of women farmers’ access to ownership of livestock and essentials such as irrigation and fertilisers.
The report also notes that in agrifood systems, “women’s roles tend to be marginalised and their working conditions are likely to be worse than men’s – irregular, informal, part-time, low-skilled, or labour-intensive”.
According to the report, creating a level-playing field in terms of farm productivity and agricultural wages would add one per cent to the global gross domestic product, or almost $1 trillion, and bring down food insecurity by two percentage points, benefitting 45 million people.
This is a striking projection at a moment when global hunger is on the rise. WFP estimates that more than 345 million people worldwide face crisis levels of food insecurity this year, an increase of almost 200 million since early 2020. Of these, 43 million are one step away from famine.
The report’s authors also show that agricultural projects which specifically empower women have broad economic and social benefits.
NAN
