Why respiratory diseases are rising – experts

Health experts have said respiratory diseases are rising among the people due to exposure to mould spores in homes.

They warned that vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and people with pre-existing respiratory or immune conditions are most at risk of serious complications.

Common sources of mould in homes identified are leaking roofs, soaked walls, damp basements, poorly ventilated bathrooms and kitchens, as well as carpets, upholstery, and insulation materials that retain moisture.

The mould often appears as coloured patches on wet surfaces, especially in areas where there is poor air circulation.

The experts maintain that ignoring mould exposure not only compromises indoor air quality but also has long-term consequences for respiratory health, especially in vulnerable populations already burdened by other health challenges.

A public health expert at the University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Professor Tanimola Akande, was quoted by PUNCH to have said that mould, a type of fungus that thrives in humid, damp, and poorly ventilated environments, poses a significant threat to public health, particularly in water-damaged buildings and homes with poor construction.

According to him, mould releases spores into the air that, when inhaled, can trigger allergies and respiratory issues, including sneezing, catarrh, wheezing, and asthmatic attacks.

Akande pointed out that mould exposure often goes unnoticed until people start showing recurring symptoms.

“People may treat catarrh or persistent coughs without knowing that the trigger is inside their own homes,” Akande said.

To combat mould growth, the don recommended fixing leaking plumbing, improving ventilation, and ensuring that wet areas are promptly dried.

Another medical expert and a Senior Registrar in Community Medicine and Primary Care at the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Dr. Solomon Olorunfemi, described mould exposure as a serious but under-discussed public health issue in households.

He explained that mould exposure happens when people come into contact with mould spores either through the air, through touch, or by eating contaminated food. The danger lies in how easily these spores are inhaled.

Aside coughing and wheezing, symtoms according to him, could also include itchy eyes, skin rashes, and sinus infections which he said are particularly intense in children and the elderly.